22 trumps · 0 to XXI
The Major Arcana
archetypes · life lessons · turning points · the inner journey · the larger pattern
The Major Arcana are the twenty-two picture cards that stand outside the four suits: the Fool, numbered 0, and the trumps numbered I to XXI, from the Magician to the World. Where the Minor Arcana describe the everyday weather of a life, the majors are usually read as its larger themes: forces, turning points and lessons that shape a period rather than a day. When several majors appear in one reading, many readers take it as a sign that the question touches something more than circumstance.
Their images draw on the shared stock of late medieval European art: virtues such as Justice, Temperance and Strength; figures of authority such as the Emperor and the Hierophant; the heavenly bodies; and the Christian last things of Death and Judgement. Waite and Smith kept the traditional subjects but reshaped many of them, adding the symbolism of the Golden Dawn and of Western esoteric tradition. The High Priestess sits between the pillars of Solomon's Temple, the Lovers become Adam and Eve in the garden, and the Wheel of Fortune is ringed with Hebrew and Latin letters and the four living creatures of Ezekiel's vision.
The majors are often read as a sequence as well as individually. They can be arranged in three rows of seven after the Fool, read as stages of a life, or followed as a story in which each card answers the one before. One of those readings, the Fool's journey, is set out below.
Read the trumps as a story: the Fool’s journey
The Fool
0 · 🜁 Air
The Magician
I · ☿ Mercury
The High Priestess
II · ☽ Moon
The Empress
III · ♀ Venus
The Emperor
IV · ♈ Aries
The Hierophant
V · ♉ Taurus
The Lovers
VI · ♊ Gemini
The Chariot
VII · ♋ Cancer
Strength
VIII · ♌ Leo
The Hermit
IX · ♍ Virgo
Wheel of Fortune
X · ♃ Jupiter
Justice
XI · ♎ Libra
The Hanged Man
XII · 🜄 Water
Death
XIII · ♏ Scorpio
Temperance
XIV · ♐ Sagittarius
The Devil
XV · ♑ Capricorn
The Tower
XVI · ♂ Mars
The Star
XVII · ♒ Aquarius
The Moon
XVIII · ♓ Pisces
The Sun
XIX · ☉ Sun
Judgement
XX · 🜂 Fire
The World
XXI · ♄ Saturn
History of the trumps
The majors began as the trionfi, the trump cards added to the Italian pack in the fifteenth century for a game in which they outranked the ordinary suits. Their order and numbering varied by region before settling in the Marseille pattern; the Fool was originally unnumbered and acted as an excuse rather than a trump. The phrase Major Arcana, greater secrets, is a nineteenth-century occult coinage, usually credited to Paul Christian, and the idea that the twenty-two cards correspond to the twenty-two Hebrew letters goes back to an essay printed by Court de Gébelin in 1781. Waite followed the Golden Dawn in placing Strength at VIII and Justice at XI, the reverse of the Marseille order, so that Strength fell with Leo and Justice with Libra in the order's astrological scheme.
The trumps at a glance
| No. | Card | Upright | Hebrew letter | Attribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | The Fool | new beginnings, trust, curiosity | Aleph א | 🜁 Air |
| I | The Magician | willpower, skill, focus | Beth ב | ☿ Mercury |
| II | The High Priestess | intuition, inner knowledge, mystery | Gimel ג | ☽ Moon |
| III | The Empress | abundance, nurture, creativity | Daleth ד | ♀ Venus |
| IV | The Emperor | authority, structure, stability | Heh ה | ♈ Aries |
| V | The Hierophant | tradition, teaching, institutions | Vav ו | ♉ Taurus |
| VI | The Lovers | love, union, a meaningful choice | Zayin ז | ♊ Gemini |
| VII | The Chariot | determination, willpower, victory | Cheth ח | ♋ Cancer |
| VIII | Strength | inner strength, courage, compassion | Teth ט | ♌ Leo |
| IX | The Hermit | solitude, introspection, inner guidance | Yod י | ♍ Virgo |
| X | Wheel of Fortune | cycles, change, turning point | Kaph כ | ♃ Jupiter |
| XI | Justice | fairness, accountability, cause and effect | Lamed ל | ♎ Libra |
| XII | The Hanged Man | surrender, pause, a new perspective | Mem מ | 🜄 Water |
| XIII | Death | endings, transition, letting go | Nun נ | ♏ Scorpio |
| XIV | Temperance | balance, moderation, patience | Samekh ס | ♐ Sagittarius |
| XV | The Devil | attachment, temptation, compulsion | Ayin ע | ♑ Capricorn |
| XVI | The Tower | sudden upheaval, revelation, collapse of a false structure | Peh פ | ♂ Mars |
| XVII | The Star | hope, renewal, calm | Tzaddi צ | ♒ Aquarius |
| XVIII | The Moon | uncertainty, intuition, illusion | Qoph ק | ♓ Pisces |
| XIX | The Sun | joy, clarity, vitality | Resh ר | ☉ Sun |
| XX | Judgement | awakening, calling, reckoning | Shin ש | 🜂 Fire |
| XXI | The World | completion, wholeness, achievement | Tav ת | ♄ Saturn |